The Tucson reference desk for pallet sizes and specs.
Dimensions, grades, load ratings and export stamps — the authority hub we built so you can spec the right pallet before you buy, sell, or ship it.
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Common pallet sizes in one master table
The table below is the quick-reference version of our full standard pallet size chart. It covers the footprints most buyers ask for, in both imperial and metric, with the typical entry style and where each one tends to be used. Load and weight figures are ranges — actual numbers depend on wood species, board thickness, and construction.
| Pallet | Inches (L×W) | Millimeters | Entry | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GMA / North American standard | 48 × 40 | 1219 × 1016 | 4-way | Grocery, general freight, retail DCs |
| Square / drum | 48 × 48 | 1219 × 1219 | 4-way | Drums, chemicals, wire reels |
| Military / dairy | 42 × 42 | 1067 × 1067 | 4-way | Telecom, paint, dairy, beverage |
| Automotive | 48 × 45 | 1219 × 1143 | 4-way | Auto parts, assembly lines |
| Beverage / drum square | 44 × 44 | 1118 × 1118 | 4-way | Chemicals, beverages |
| Standard block / grocery | 40 × 48 | 1016 × 1219 | 4-way | Rotated GMA, cross-docking |
| Pharma / half-format | 36 × 36 | 914 × 914 | 4-way | Pharma, tight-aisle warehouses |
| Retail half / display | 48 × 20 | 1219 × 508 | 4-way | Retail floor displays, DSD |
| Euro EPAL 1 | 47.24 × 31.5 | 1200 × 800 | 4-way (block) | European & export freight |
| ISO / Euro 2 | 47.24 × 39.37 | 1200 × 1000 | 4-way (block) | Chemical & export freight |
| Australian standard | 45.9 × 45.9 | 1165 × 1165 | 4-way | Australian domestic freight |
Four reference articles
Standard Pallet Size Chart
Every footprint we track — North American, industry-specific, and international ISO sizes — with inch↔mm conversions and load-capacity ranges in one dense chart.
Read Standard Pallet Size Chart →Condition guidePallet Grades Explained
Grade A vs. B vs. C, #1 and #2, combo and remanufactured units — what each grade means for condition, repairs, appearance, best use, and price.
Read Pallet Grades Explained →The workhorseGMA 48×40 Deep Dive
History, exact specs, board layout, stringer vs. block versions, 4-way entry, and load ratings for North America's dominant pallet.
Read GMA 48×40 Deep Dive →Export complianceHeat Treatment & ISPM-15
What the HT stamp means, why international shipments need it, and how ISPM-15 replaced methyl bromide fumigation for wood packaging.
Read Heat Treatment & ISPM-15 →Why the 48×40 dominates
From footprint to freight
Start with the size chart to confirm the footprint your load or racking needs. Once you know the size, decide on condition: our grades guideexplains what separates an A-grade unit from a C-grade one and how that moves the price. If you're shipping domestically, a recycled 48×40 GMAcovers most jobs. If you're exporting overseas, you'll need an ISPM-15 heat-treated platform stamped to international standard.
When you know what you want, browse recycled pallets or new & custom builds, or just send us a quote request with your size, quantity, and grade.
Master conversion table — every common size in inches and millimeters
The one arithmetic rule that governs every line below is inches × 25.4 = millimeters. Spec sheets round differently, so a footprint you see printed as 1219 × 1016 on one document and 1220 × 1015 on another is the same 48 × 40 pallet. This master table locks down both units for every footprint we handle, adds the metric-to-imperial back-conversion, and notes the region or use each one anchors to. Keep it open when you are reconciling a European purchase order against a North American racking spec.
| Footprint (in) | Exact mm | Rounded mm | Metric name | Region / anchor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 × 40 | 1219.2 × 1016.0 | 1219 × 1016 | — | North America (GMA) |
| 40 × 48 | 1016.0 × 1219.2 | 1016 × 1219 | — | Rotated GMA / grocery |
| 48 × 48 | 1219.2 × 1219.2 | 1219 × 1219 | — | Drums & chemicals |
| 42 × 42 | 1066.8 × 1066.8 | 1067 × 1067 | ISO 1067 | Dairy / telecom / military |
| 48 × 45 | 1219.2 × 1143.0 | 1219 × 1143 | — | Automotive |
| 44 × 44 | 1117.6 × 1117.6 | 1118 × 1118 | — | Beverage / chemical |
| 36 × 36 | 914.4 × 914.4 | 914 × 914 | — | Pharma / tight-aisle |
| 48 × 20 | 1219.2 × 508.0 | 1219 × 508 | — | Retail half / display |
| 47.24 × 31.5 | 1199.9 × 800.1 | 1200 × 800 | EPAL 1 | Europe |
| 47.24 × 39.37 | 1199.9 × 1000.0 | 1200 × 1000 | ISO 2 / EPAL 3 | Europe / chemical |
| 45.9 × 45.9 | 1165.9 × 1165.9 | 1165 × 1165 | AS 4068 | Australia |
| 43.3 × 43.3 | 1100.0 × 1100.0 | 1100 × 1100 | ISO 1100 | Asia |
For the full breakdown with load-rating ranges and footprint utilization, jump to the standard pallet size chart.
Which size does each industry reach for?
Footprints rarely get chosen at random. An industry standardizes on the size that matches its product geometry — a 55-gallon drum diameter, a case count, a warehouse aisle width, or a returnable-container program. The table below maps the sectors we serve in Tucson to the footprint they most often order, with the reason the size stuck.
| Industry | Primary size (in) | Millimeters | Why this footprint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grocery & packaged goods | 48 × 40 | 1219 × 1016 | GMA standard; two-wide in a trailer |
| Chemical & drum | 48 × 48 | 1219 × 1219 | Four 55-gal drums sit squarely |
| Beverage | 44 × 44 | 1118 × 1118 | Even can, keg & case stacking |
| Automotive | 48 × 45 | 1219 × 1143 | Line-side racks & returnables |
| Pharmaceutical | 36 × 36 | 914 × 914 | Tight aisles, lighter cleanroom loads |
| Dairy & DSD | 40 × 24 | 1016 × 610 | Milk crates & direct-store delivery |
| Retail displays | 48 × 20 | 1219 × 508 | Floor-ready half footprint |
| Telecom / military | 42 × 42 | 1067 × 1067 | Cable reels & mil-spec loads |
| Export to Europe | 47.24 × 31.5 | 1200 × 800 | EPAL fits European racking |
How to measure a pallet correctly
Measuring a pallet sounds trivial until you are reconciling a rack spec, and it is the single most common source of ordering errors we see. The convention is length × width × height, where length is the stringer or deck-board length (the 48-inch dimension on a GMA) and width is the perpendicular span (the 40-inch dimension). Follow this sequence and you will not be surprised at the dock.
| Step | Measure | How | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Length | Along the top deck boards, edge to edge, the direction the stringers run | Overhanging or split lead boards inflate the reading |
| 2 | Width | Perpendicular to length, across the ends of the deck boards | Cupped boards read short; measure the widest point |
| 3 | Height | Floor to top deck surface, through a stringer or block | Varies 4.5–6 in; matters for rack clearance |
| 4 | Entry openings | Height and width of each fork tunnel | Confirm 2-way vs 4-way before quoting racking |
| 5 | Deck coverage | Board width and the gaps between boards | Wide gaps reject small-footprint cartons |
When in doubt, photograph the pallet next to a tape measure and send it through the quote form — we would rather confirm a dimension than ship the wrong size.
Dimensional tolerances and why they matter
A pallet is not machined to the thousandth of an inch — it is assembled from sawn lumber that swells and shrinks with moisture. Reasonable tolerances are baked into the trade, and knowing them keeps you from rejecting a perfectly good load or, worse, jamming an automated conveyor that expects a tighter build. New and recycled units carry different practical tolerances: a recycled pallet has already lived a life and will vary more.
| Attribute | Nominal | Typical new tolerance | Typical recycled variance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall length / width | 48 / 40 in | ± 1/4 in | ± 1/2 in |
| Overall height | ~5 in | ± 1/4 in | ± 1/2 in |
| Deck-board thickness | ~5/8 in | ± 1/16 in | Mixed by board |
| Stringer dimension | 1.5 × 3.5 in | ± 1/8 in | Plugged / doubled |
| Diagonal squareness | Equal diagonals | ≤ 1/2 in difference | ≤ 3/4 in difference |
| Board gap | ~3.5 in max | Per spec | Wider, mixed |
Automated storage, robotic palletizers, and stretch-wrap lines are the least forgiving of variance — if you run those, spec Grade A or new and tell us the squareness tolerance up front.
Pallet sizing questions
What is the standard pallet size in the United States?
The 48×40-inch (1219×1016 mm) GMA pallet is the North American standard. It originated with the Grocery Manufacturers Association and is estimated to make up roughly a quarter to a third of all new pallets built in the U.S. Most other sizes are industry-specific variations around it.
Are pallet dimensions listed length × width or width × length?
By convention, a pallet's dimensions are stated stringer-length × stringer-width, or more simply as the deck-board length by the stringer length. The 48-inch measurement is the length of the deck boards (and stringer), and 40 inches is the width. Always confirm which face is the entry side before you spec racking.
Do you stock non-standard sizes?
Yes. Beyond the 48×40 GMA we regularly handle 42×42, 48×48, 40×48, 44×44, 36×36 and retail half-pallets, plus European EPAL footprints. If we don't have your size in recycled stock, we can build it new — send the specs through our quote form.
How do I convert pallet inches to millimeters?
Multiply inches by 25.4. A 48×40-inch pallet is 1219×1016 mm; a 42×42-inch pallet is 1067×1067 mm. Our full chart lists both units side by side for every common footprint.
Measuring, converting, and tolerance FAQs
Measuring & conversion FAQs
Which number comes first, length or width?
Length first, then width, then height. On a GMA pallet the 48-inch dimension is the length — it runs the same direction as the stringers and the top deck boards — and the 40-inch dimension is the width. Stating it consistently avoids ordering a pallet rotated 90 degrees from what your racking expects.
How much can a wooden pallet's dimensions realistically vary?
A new pallet is usually held to about a quarter-inch on overall length and width. A recycled pallet can vary up to roughly a half-inch because its boards have swelled, shrunk, or been replaced. If your handling equipment is automated, that half-inch matters — specify a tighter grade.
Does moisture change a pallet's size?
Yes, slightly. Green or damp lumber is dimensionally larger and heavier; as it dries it shrinks and lightens. This is one reason kiln-dried and heat-treated pallets hold tolerance better, and why a pallet stored outdoors in monsoon season can measure a hair larger than the same pallet in dry Tucson air.
Can you build a pallet to a non-standard footprint?
Yes. If none of the standard sizes fit your product, we can build a custom footprint — tell us the length, width, entry style, deck coverage, and load, and we will spec it. Send the details through the quote form and we will confirm feasibility and price.
Where to go next
Ready to turn pallets into value?
Whether you have 5 pallets or 5,000, tell us what you need and we'll sort it — buy, sell, recycle or haul.